{"id":829,"date":"2018-05-14T06:18:35","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T06:18:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/talentedtester.com\/?p=829"},"modified":"2019-06-08T09:22:52","modified_gmt":"2019-06-08T09:22:52","slug":"istqb-foundation-test-design-techniques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/talentedtester.com\/istqb-foundation-test-design-techniques\/","title":{"rendered":"The Ultimate Guide: ISTQB Foundation Test Design Techniques"},"content":{"rendered":"

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What is a Test Design Technique?<\/h2>\n

For any software development lifecycle to be effective, complete and accurate information is a very essential element. These two elements are what enable your test teams to work together cohesively in a systematic manner.<\/p>\n

This, in turn, ensures that your end product matches the expectations of your customers as well as your business in general. The goal of a test design technique is the testing of features and functionalities using effective test case scenarios.The process of analyzing your organizations requirements from a business point of view goes hand in hand with proper testing. Determining the accuracy of completed information can be done using ambiguity testing techniques, which happens to be one of the top testing design techniques.Basically, a test design technique’s<\/a> main goal is to determine a proper series of tests from a pool of all the possible tests for a particular system. There are numerous types of software testing techniques. <\/p>\n

Each one of them has their own weaknesses and strengths. Each technique<\/a> has it’s own way of identifying different types of defects.<\/p>\n

What Are the Main Categories<\/h3>\n

So what are the Test Design Techniques covered in the ISTQB exam? Coincidentally, the two main categories covered by the ISTQB exam (Click here to see the difference between ISQI & ISTQB<\/a>) are the same categories we’re going to cover in this article herein below:<\/p>\n

01. Dynamic Test Techniques<\/h3>\n

Dynamic techniques are divided into another three major categories. These are:-<\/p>\n

Black Box Techniques: <\/h4>\n

This technique is also referred to as specification based or behavioural techniques. This technique uses the software’s external descriptions such as customer requirements, design, technical specifications and so on.<\/p>\n

In this technique, when the tester doesn’t fully understand the software’s code or its internal structure they can perform tests using methods such as Boundary Value Analysis (input values are tested at the boundaries), Decision Table Testing, State Transition Testing, Equivalence Class Partitioning and Use Case Testing.<\/p>\n

White Box Techniques: <\/h4>\n

This type of technique is based on the software code as well as the program’s internal structure, testing each of them individually, one after the other. In this type of technique, testers and developers usually have a proper understanding of the internal structure and the program’s software code.<\/p>\n

Experience Based Testing: <\/h4>\n

This test-design technique doesn’t concentrate on external or internal structures. The testing is based on experience and the following test methods are usually adopted when it comes to scenarios such as; Fault attack (here errors are anticipated by testers) and Exploratory Testing (application testing without test case documentation).<\/p>\n

02. Static Techniques<\/h3>\n

This technique<\/a> is all about manually testing your software product. This process is usually started in the early stages of the software development process. This means that it is most likely going to happen during the verification stage. <\/p>\n

The fact that the testing is done without the need to execute the program means that you will not have any need for a computer. These testing techniques<\/a> can be applied to several forms of documents. These include design documents<\/a>, source code etc.<\/p>\n

What is Boundary Value Analysis?<\/h3>\n

In the input values’ extreme ends is where errors, for the most part , are observed. These extreme values like lower\/upper or start\/end values are known as Boundary Values<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Boundary Value Analysis is the analysing of these Boundary Values. It’s sometimes also referred to as Range Checking. Boundary Value Analysis is based on black box testing technique principles and it’s main objectives are to locate errors at input domain boundaries rather than finding the errors at the input’s center.Boundary value analysis and Equivalence partitioning are kind of intertwined and can both be used together at different levels of testing. Test cases are derived for the equivalence classes edges.<\/p>\n

Each individual boundary contains invalid boundary values as well as valid boundary values. Normally, each boundary will contribute one test case each. Finding defects using this technique can be quite effective and it has the capability of functioning at most levels.<\/p>\n

Your previous experiences or needs are what will determine your choice from the multiple test case applicable from invalid and valid input domains, however, you must remember that you will still be required, from each input domain, to select one test case.This testing technique is quick, easy and a fantastic way to catch input anomalies that may play a major role in interrupting the programs functionality. So, to cut short testing procedures and save time, experts delivering quality management services as well as software testing heavily rely on this method.<\/p>\n

Equivalence Partitioning<\/h3>\n

Equivalence Partitioning<\/a> is basically selecting single input values from every range from a range of values that is made up of divided test input data. It also happens to be a black box based testing technique and its main objective is the calculation of the effectiveness of certain test cases. <\/p>\n

This technique also has the ability to function at all testing levels from integration, unit, system testing etc.In this technique, input is split into several different classes. The equivalence class input criteria represented by each individual class. One input is then chosen from each class.<\/p>\n

What this method does is it reduces the number of test cases from an infinite number to a finite one. All this while still securing the effectiveness of each selected test case that has been assigned to monitor all the possible scenarios.A basic Equivalence Partitioning<\/a> concept is if a range from one to hundred is being accepted by one application, then those inputs can be divided into classes using Equivalence Partitioning principles. Example, design, invalid as well as valid input all get each class to provide them with one test case each.<\/p>\n

Final Words On Test Design Techniques<\/h3>\n

One of the most vital components in the testing phase is Test Case. These are basically the predefined variables and conditions that are used to check whether your application and software is working like it’s supposed to.<\/p>\n

For a testing process to be successful, then as a competent software developer you will have to learn and understand how to use some of these techniques. Understanding some of these testing methods will make your work so much easier.<\/p>\n

Digging Deeper Into Static Testing<\/h2>\n

Secret Static Testing Techniques that appear in the ISTQB Exam Questions?<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\"Secret<\/span><\/p>\n

What Is Static Testing?<\/h3>\n

Static testing involves the testing of documents and software without actually running the code. Static testing<\/a> is the opposite to dynamic testing, which requires the code to be ran. <\/p>\n

According to Guru99<\/a>, this can be in the form of walkthroughs, peer reviews, informal reviews and inspections.<\/p>\n

What Are The Main Uses Of Static Testing?<\/h3>\n

Testing the software in the initial phase leads to greater efficiency of the code. Static testing offers<\/a> just that. During the early development phase, the code undergoes various tests and makes sure that the changes in the current part of the code do not affect the other parts.The main uses of static testing is that it is tested keeping the work environment in mind. During a review process, the software tester engineer can debate whether a certain form of code is applicable in the real world environment or not. Testing the software at the early stage before implementing it at a large scale saves a lot of time and more impotantly for any project, is the cost saving.<\/p>\n

The outputs from this exercise are typically uncovering deviations from code standards, code that will be hard to maintain in the future, design issues and potentially missing requirements.<\/p>\n

How Is It Different From System Testing?<\/h3>\n

System testing requires the code to be ran, whereas static testing does not<\/a>. It is effectively an offline method to uncover defects early on in the development process.<\/p>\n

What Are The Different Roles And Responsibilities?<\/h3>\n

According to Guru99<\/a>, there are five major roles in static testing:<\/p>\n